Research

Giroux (1997)
Youth as an empty category

Henry Giroux enforces the awareness of who in fact writes the media, adults. They then have the power to portray negative opinions upon youths of today which does not reflect reality. Creating anxieties and beliefs made by adults to adults, creating a false pretence of how youth culture is today; these fears are constantly changing therefore reflects upon society.
e.g Harry Brown - representation of youth through micro elements, binary oppositions (literally shows the fears of adults causing rebellion, adults vs teenagers)

Acland (1995)
Ideology of protection; deviant youth and reproduction of social order

Charles Acland looks at how the upper and middle class put fear into youth, by casting them out of society and putting them into the category in which youth violence and crime occur. The media helps to put the message out and create this fear within young people by dominating TV, newspapers etc. and surveillancing their behaviour.

Gramsci (1971)
Cultural hegemony [leadership]

The use of dominance of one social class, predominately the upper/middle class of their social norms, making them the norm for all people. This causes other social constructs to accept these concepts overriding their previous principles.

Cohen (1972)
Moral panic

'Folk devils' appear and the media are set into panic, in which the politicians and police get involved as an event happens that shifts the peace in society. As like the Mods vs Rockers scenario, where two youth groups conflicted causing a riot, that then provides fear on society of youths due to one event.

McRobbie (2004)
Symbolic violence

She believes that contemporary British television emphasises the middle class dominance, with the outcome that working class people are the negative social group.

Gerbner (1986)
Cultivation Theory

Television overestimates the level of crime by showing more programmes that involve it, causing people to think it is becoming a wider problem, changing our perceptions upon reality, showing the increase in the thought that youth are involved in violence etc. 'mean world sydrome'